CFD Modelling

tallman's CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamic) model simulated the flow of water through the lance tip at 21 oC (294K), oxygen flow out of the ports at 21 oC (294K), and the effective convective/radiative heat from the combustion zone and steel/slag of 2000 oC (2273K). The convective/radiative heat acts on the face and sides of a copper lance tip with an assumed conductivity of 90 IACS. As you can see in the pictures the maximum temperature on the face of the lance tip is only 159 oC. There is no change in mechanical properties of copper at this temperature

A standard lance design does not generate any swirling action, therefore the center portion of the lance tip, especially around the inside edges of the ports would experience significantly higher temperatures which would lead to increased wear and thus to shorter lance life.

For the majority of EAF lance tip designs tallman has developed a high velocity cooling system that increases the heat transfer in critical areas around the oxygen ports.

Isometric view of temperature distribution in lance tip.

Cross sectional top view of internal flow pattern below deflector vanes showing internal swirl generation.